Affirmative Action And Refugees Of Color

PRO-AFFIRMATIVE ACTION What is it? Well affirmative action is, in plain text, the consideration of your class, race, gender, color, ethnicity, national origin, and disability when deciding who gets a certain job or admission into a school. If you are amenity applying for a job and there are other people that are applying as well then you will be considered for the job over one of the other people, even if they have more experience. It is not only for jobs, it is also used in any situation†¦ This African American study will define the fairness of Affirmative Action in not allowing poorer whites the same availability of jobs than are offered to persons of color. The argument of class inequality of poor white workers has often been used as a premise to argue in favor of preferential treatment of Africa-Americans in the labor markets. In these cases, the problem of low employment opportunities is falsely being exploited to blame African Americans for taking jobs from poor whites. Poor†¦ Affirmative action was signed by President John F. Kennedy it was first put into play on March 6, 1961 it called to ensure that applicants are employed, and employees are treated during employment, without concern to their race, creed, color, or national origin. Forward to 2016 where it has become a problem within college applications where colleges are now more focused on having a diverse student body rather than the quality of the student themselves. While some colleges believe that affirmative†¦ Affirmative Action In Shaw’s article he gives four arguments for affirmative action that are counter arguments to others. In this paper I will talk about one of his responses and why I disagree with it. I plan to argue that many companies do not want to hire people of other races, ethnicities, or genders because they may not trust these people for various reasons. According to Shaw, affirmative action is designed to make the hiring process of companies more fair. It is supposed to make the process†¦ access to higher education. Affirmative Action started in 1965 in hopes to grant minorities more access to jobs , but has grown to also encompass ensuring that minorities are allowed admittance to higher education facilities. The goal was to equalize the population in terms of opportunity, and also be equitable in how people were treated. Since its implementation, many people have opposed it and have given reasons for why the system is flawed. However, Affirmative Action is a policy that needs to be†¦ Affirmative Action Affirmative Action first began in 1961 on March 6 from The Executive Order 10925 signed by President John F. Kennedy. In 1964, the Civil Rights Act made discrimination illegal for employment regarding to race, cultural background, color, or religion. Over the course of time, this began to become beneficial to a lot of people especially if they wanted a job because of discrimination and enforced diversity and giving minorities opportunities or chances. Even though this is such†¦ Affirmative Action University of Phoenix Susan E. Ricard Since the beginning of affirmative action, there has been controversy about the program being an effective tool to eliminate discrimination in education and the workplace. Even though the numbers with affirmative action plans seemed to have improved the percentage of minorities in schools and workplaces, it does not work to mandate that people change. Once the mandates disappear the numbers begin to decrease. In its conception in†¦ The Case for Affirmative Action: An Open Letter to Five Justices In the article â€Å"The Case for Affirmative Action: An Open Letter to Five Justices† by Dave Malcolm states that a great informal affirmative action program going for decades. What is exactly is affirmative action? Affirmative action means an action or policy favoring those who tend to suffer from discrimination, specially in relation to employment or education (dictionary.com). Affirmative action is one of the most controversial concerns†¦ Affirmative Action If one is to discuss and problem solve an issue, he or she must first know what the issue is truly about. Affirmative action is defined as the equal opportunities given to women, minorities, and small groups so they will have the same tools, education, and allotment to achieve their goals in life. Since affirmative action came about, debate arises daily about if it is truly equal and fair. Was it a word made as a cushion to the people so they will feel equal? Another interpretation†¦ Affirmative Action: Is it still needed in Today’s World? Table of Contents Abstract †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.3 What is Affirmative Action †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 3-4 History of Affirmative Action †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...4-6 Legal History of Affirmative Action †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.6-8 The People for Affirmative Action †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦8-9 The People against Affirmative Action †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...10 The Benefits of Affirmative Action†¦

Postpartum Haemorrhage, Hypovolaemic Shock, Post-Traumatic Stress Essay

Postpartum Haemorrhage, Hypovolaemic Shock, Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder - Essay Example This essay will also explore the effects of postpartum haemorrhage in relationship to the case study of Mrs. H, focusing on the physical range of interventions that were undertaken to prevent fatal consequences by using oxytocic drugs and fluid replacement as per trust guidelines; care given by the Midwife and also the psychosocial care that is needed to prevent women from suffering from post-traumatic stress disorder. Mrs H was found to have ruptured her uterus affecting the involution of the uterus and therefore causing the haemorrhage. A postpartum haemorrhage is traditionally defined as bleeding from the genital tract of five hundred millilitres or more following delivery (Hofmeyr, 2001). This can result in death from hypovolemic shock. Sometimes these effects occur long after the event of the haemorrhage, which can cause women to experience psychological impact from effects such as post-traumatic stress disorder. This essay focuses on two effects that can come as a result of pos tpartum haemorrhage: hypovolemic shock and post-traumatic stress disorder. The basic definition of haemorrhage is the abnormal loss of blood (Varney, Kriebs, & Gegor 2004, p. 925). Intrapartum haemorrhage (IPH, occurring during delivery) and bleeding that is considered primary postpartum haemorrhage (PPH, occurring immediately after delivery) is the experience of excessive blood loss during the course of delivery or within the 24 hour period after labour and for which the source of the blood is the genital tract (Crafter 2011, p. 149). Women in labour suffer from substantial fluid loss; so they need to be kept well hydrated to ensure enough circulating volumes to enable them to cope with any excessive blood loss (Hofmeyr and Mohlala 2001, p. 646). After childbirth there is the risk of haemorrhage that can come from a variety of locations. Immediate haemorrhage is more commonly associated with mortality and can come from different factors surrounding the birth. In as much as 90% of t he cases of immediate post-birth haemorrhage the cause is uterine atony which has a number of causes, including incomplete delivery of the placenta. When there are cotyledons, or retained placental fragments, there is both the risk of immediate haemorrhage and of delayed haemorrhage (Varney, Kriebs, & Gegor 2004, p. 925). The amount of bleeding can be any amount that compromises the health of the mother but is generally considered to be 500mls or more. In healthy pregnancy, women have a plasma volume increase of at least 1250mls and the red cell mass also increases, as a result women are able to tolerate up to a litre of blood loss with no adverse effects (Hofmeyr, 2001) In cases of women who suffer from severe anaemia, they may be unable to tolerate blood loss that healthy women can (Crafter, 2011). The speed of the blood flow through the intervillous space can be estimated to be about 600ml per minute (Hofmeyr et al, 2008). There are 4 most common known causes of PPH; traditionall y known as the 4T: tone, trauma, tissue, and thrombin (Mukherjee and Arulkukarin 2009, p. 4). Tone refers to poor contraction of the uterus, which is also called uterine atony. The tearing of tissue and vessels known as trauma is the cause that is seen in the case of Mrs. H. The contributing factors to her ending up with a PPH were instrumental delivery, episiotomy, uterine rupture as well as genital tract lacerations. Tissue refers to when the placenta or membranes are not totally

Awarding, Negotiating and Administering Contracts Research Paper

Awarding, Negotiating and Administering Contracts - Research Paper Example The program could be simple or complicated even though it is supposed to specify what the performance outputs of the statement of work are supposed to be (Garrett, 2007, p. 3). At the same time, the program is supposed to define the technique used to carry out the analyses. This saves time and reserves since the COTR is not observing the ordinary, scheduled proportions of the contract, instead of the COTR is aiming of the leading outputs of the contract. The contract administration program is also supposed to contain a quality assurance (QA) monitoring plan as a subsection. This is necessary when executing the program since the advancement of such a contract plan offers a systematic outline and technique for the COTR to assess services and commodities that dealers are needed to furnish. The QA plan is supposed to aim at the value of the commodity supplied by the contractor and not on the steps taken or processes utilized in order to deliver that commodity. It comprises of suitable us age of pre-planned assessments and random spontaneous reviews (Garrett, 2007, p. 3). When a contract is allocated to administration under the watch of the government, the contract administration staff is supposed to perform contract administration roles according to the terms of the national law, and the contract expressions too. The appropriate protocols of the servicing agency should also be observed when implementing these contract roles lest else settled for in an interagency contract. Another step included when executing a contract administration program is negotiating cost changes and the implementation of auxiliary contracts beneath the cost accounting principle articles (Garrett, 2007, p. 3). Defining the appropriateness of the contractor’s accounting method makes his or her system’s adequacy in the course of the whole phase of contract performance become vital. The suitability of the accounting method of the contractor and the affiliated interior control coord ination, together with the contractor agreement with the cost accounting standards (CAS) have a huge impact on the value and legitimacy of the contractor information. As a result, the government is supposed to provide a feedback on its administration inaccuracy of the contractor and contract enactment (Murphy, 2009, p. 71). The implementation of a contract administration program also involves the analysis and assessment for practical suitability and the contractor’s logistics support, sustenance and modification agendas. The contractor ought to also report to the contracting workplace any insufficiencies noticed in details. The contractor ought to also perform industrial assessments of contractor price plans (Garrett, 2007, p. 3). The analysis and review of the contractor-suggested industrial and design researches and submit remarks and commendations to the contracting headquarters as needed. Any change plans made to the contract ought to be reviewed by the contractor for sui table categorization, and when needed, the need for practical appropriateness of design, productivity, and the effect of value, dependability, program and price. Correspondingly, the contractor is supposed to submit remarks to the contracting headquarters. The execution of the contract administration plan also involves helpful effort in assessing and creating commendations for reception on refutation of disclaimers and nonconformities (Garrett, 2007,